€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****DISS ABSTR INT [B]***** McPherson DD STUDIES ON CAESALPINIA PULCHERRIMA AND DNA-LIGAND INTERACTIONS In: Diss Abstr Int [B] (1988) 48(8):2330 ISSN: 0419-4217 A phytochemical investigation of Caesalpinia pulcherrima led to the isolation of seven secondary metabolites from the stem part and two from the root part. The identification and structure elucidation of these nine compounds were determined by analysis of their physical and spectroscopic properties. It was discovered that three of the stem part constituents and both of the root part constituents were novel isolates. The stem part isolates consisted of the two novel peltogynoids, pulcherrimin and 6-methoxypulcherrimin, one novel homoisoflavonoid, 8-methoxybonducellin, and the known compounds bonducellin, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, 2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone and 2',4-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone. The root part isolates consisted of two novel caesalpin diterpenes, vouacapen-5 alpha-ol and 6 beta-cinnamoyl-7 beta-hydroxyvouacapen-5 alpha-ol. Three compounds isolated during this investigation were found to possess in vitro cytotoxic activity. Many clinically efficacious antineoplastic agents function by interacting with DNA; many of these agents are from natural sources. High performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed which are capable of characterizing these interactions and identifying additional compounds that interact with DNA. One method, which utilizes size-exclusion resin, was used to study the binding kinetics of DNA, tRNA and various synthetic polyribonucleotides with the known DNA interacting agents, ethidium bromide, harman, 9- aminoacridine and fagaronine. This method proved to be a rapid, precise and accurate means of measuring the binding kinetics of these compounds. A second method was developed, utilizing C-18 reverse phase resin, which is capable of detecting DNA interacting compounds in crude plant extracts. Eighteen plant extracts were evaluated for their ability to bind DNA and for their cytotoxic potential in cell culture. Six extracts exhibited DNA binding properties; 5 out of these 6 were also cytotoxic. It was concluded that this method may prove to be a rapid screening system for the identification and activity-directed isolation of potential antineoplastic agents from natural sources. (Full text available from University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI, as Order No: AAD87-25002) Registry Numbers: 9007-49-2 (DNA) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****ACTA VETERINARIA HUNGARICA***** Javed I Akhtar MS Rahman ZU Khaliq T Ahmad M Comparative anthelminthic efficacy and safety of Caesalpinia crista seed and piperazine adipate in chickens with artificially induced Ascaridia galli infection. In: Acta Vet Hung (1994) 42(1):103-9 ISSN: 0236-6290 The antiascarid activity of Caesalpinia crista Linn. seeds, popularly known as Karanjwa, was evaluated in chickens of the Fumi breed, suffering from artificially induced Ascaridia galli infection. Eggs per gram (EPG) counts were determined in the droppings of chickens prior and after treatment with powdered C. crista at doses of 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg of body weight along with its extracts in water and methanol in amounts representing 50 mg/kg of crude powder. The crude drug at the dose rates of 40 and 50 mg/kg and its methanol extract induced a significant (P < 0.001) effect on post-treatment days 10 and 15 while the 30 mg/kg dose was efficacious (P < 0.05) on day 15 only. However, the aqueous extract did not show significant results. These results suggest that a 50 mg/kg dose of C. crista seed powder, its equivalent methanolic extract and piperazine (200 mg/kg) are equieffective in treating the ascarid infection of poultry. The crude C. crista powder appears to be potent and safer than its methanol extract on the basis of the side effects observed. Registry Numbers: 142-88-1 (piperazine adipate) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ***CHUNG HSI I CHIEH HO TSA CHIH CHINESE JOURNAL OF MODERN DEVELOPMENTS** Zheng MS Zhang YZ [Anti-HBsAg herbs employing ELISA technique] In: Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih (1990 Sep) 10(9):560-2, 518 ISSN: 0254-9034 (Published in Chinese) With the aid of the ELISA system this schema represented a laboratory approach to the recognition of anti-HBsAg capability of herbs by using 300 herbal extracts. Altogether 10 herbs (3.0%) were identified as effective. When forming a multiplex plan by employing 10 average P/N ratios as exemplified by 5 varying doses of herb (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5.0 mg/100 microliters), 2 varying concentrations of HBsAg (10.92, 14.26 P/N ratio), and 3 varying contact time periods (immediate, 1h, 2h) for the comprehensive appraisal of herb efficacy index, these 10 effective herbs were listed in the following order: Prunella vulgaris (1.00), Litchi chinensis (1.26), Gossypium herbaceum (1.45), Cudrania cochinochinensis (1.56), Caesalpinia sappan (1.73), Oldenlandia tenelliflora (1.77), Cautis parthenocissus (1.99), Evodia rutaecarpa (2.01), Portulaca grandiflora (2.44), and Anemone hupehensis (2.83). €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****CHUNG-KUO CHUNG HSI I CHIEH HO TSA CHIH***** Liu XR Han WQ Sun DR [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric mucosa with xiao wei yan powder] In: Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih (1992 Oct) 12(10):602-3, 580 ISSN: 1003-5370 (Published in Chinese) 138 cases of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 104 cases of atypical hyperplasia (AH) of the gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis treated with Xiao Wei Yan Powder (XWYP) were reported. The diagnoses were based on the pathological examination of gastric antrum biopsy specimens. The cases were randomly divided into treated group and control group. The XWYP contained Smilax glabrae, Hedyotis diffusae, Taraxacum mongolicum, Caesalpinia sappan, Paeonia alba, Cyperus rotundus, Bletilla striata, Glycyrrhiza uralensis etc., and was prepared in powder form, taken orally 5-7g tid. After 2-4 months of administration, gastroscopic and pathological examinations were repeated. Results: In treated group, the total effective rate of IM was 91.3% and that of the AH was 92.16%, while in control group, they were 21.3% and 14.46% respectively (P < 0.01). It denoated that XWYP had marked therapeutic effects for IM and AH. The animal experiments revealed no toxic effect, so safety guarantee was provided for its clinical application. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ **CHUNG-KUO CHUNG YAO TSA CHIH CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA* Xu H Zhou ZH Yang JS [Compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L.] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1994 Aug) 19(8):485-6, 511 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) Two compounds were isolated from the stem of Caesalpinia sappan. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical and spectral analysis. They were named as tetraacetylbrazilin and protosappanin A respectively. Registry Numbers: 102036-28-2 (protosappanin A) 2241-61-4 (tetraacetylbrazilin) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY***** Moon CK Park KS Kim SG Won HS Chung JH Brazilin protects cultured rat hepatocytes from BrCCl3-induced toxicity. In: Drug Chem Toxicol (1992) 15(1):81-91 ISSN: 0148-0545 Brazilin, the main constituent of Caesalpinia sappan, is an antioxidative substance that has catechol moiety in its chemical structure. Considering the antioxidant-activity of brazilin, it was expected to have protective effects on the toxicities of radical generating chemicals. The incubation of rat hepatocytes with BrCCl3 resulted in significant increase in lipid peroxidation, leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes and cytoplasmic glutathione depletion. The BrCCl3- induced toxicities on hepatocytes were reduced by the treatment of brazilin. Brazilin has been also proved to have a protective effect on the BrCCl3-induced depression of microsomal calcium sequestration activity. These results indicate that brazilin plays a protective role in BrCCl3-induced hepatocyte injury of the rat. Registry Numbers: EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase) EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase) 474-07-7 (brazilin) 70-18-8 (Glutathione) 7440-70-2 (Calcium) 75-62-7 (Bromotrichloromethane) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY***** Hase S Koyama S Daiyasu H Takemoto H Hara S Kobayashi Y Kyogoku Y Ikenaka T Structure of a sugar chain of a protease inhibitor isolated from barbados pride (Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw.) seeds. In: J Biochem (Tokyo) (1986 Jul) 100(1):1-10 ISSN: 0021-924X An asparagine-linked sugar chain of a protease inhibitor from barbados pride (Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw.) was liberated by hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation, the reducing end residue of this carbohydrate unit was coupled with 2-aminopyridine and the pyridylamino (PA-) derivative was purified by gel-filtration and reversed-phase HPLC. The structure of the resulting PA-sugar chain was determined mainly by stepwise exoglycosidase digestions and 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy and proved to be as follows: (formula; see text). €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY***** Carvalho JC Teixeira JR Souza PJ Bastos JK dos Santos Filho D Sarti SJ Preliminary studies of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Caesalpinia ferrea crude extract. In: J Ethnopharmacol (1996 Sep) 53(3):175-8 ISSN: 0378-8741 The crude aqueous extract of the fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Leguminosae) has been investigated for possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by oral administration of 300 mg/kg of this extract. A centrally mediated analgesic effect was not observed, however, there was a dose dependent reduction in the number of total writhes induced by acetic acid. Registry Numbers: 64-19-7 (Acetic Acid) 9000-07-1 (Carrageenan) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION***** Shih IM Chiang HS Yang LL Wang TL Antimotility effects of Chinese herbal medicines on human sperm. In: J Formos Med Assoc (1990 Jun) 89(6):466-9 ISSN: 0929-6646 Caesalpinia sappan extract from a study of screened Chinese herbal medicines was found to be a potent agent for the inactivation of human sperm in vitro. Exposure of sperm from healthy donors to this agent showed remarkably reduced sperm motility. The antimotility effect of Caesalpinia sappan is concentration-dependent and about 2.5 mg/ml is required to reduce motility to 50% the control medium (EC50). This result suggests that this traditional Chinese herbal medicine possesses an antimotility effect on human sperm in vitro and has the potential of becoming in the future a new and acceptable male oral contraceptive. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS***** Che CT McPherson DD Cordell GA Fong HH Pulcherralpin, a new diterpene ester from Caesalpinia pulcherrima. In: J Nat Prod (1986 Jul-Aug) 49(4):561-9 ISSN: 0163-3864 From the stems of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, the new cassane-type diterpene ester pulcherralpin (1) has been isolated and characterized. The structure of 1 was established through spectroscopic studies, including the 1H-1H homonuclear and 1H-13C heteronuclear correlation studies. Registry Numbers: 105389-29-5 (pulcherralpin) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****PLANTA MEDICA***** Bacchi EM Sertie JA Villa N Katz H Antiulcer action and toxicity of Styrax camporum and Caesalpinia ferrea. In: Planta Med (1995 Jun) 61(3):204-7 ISSN: 0032-0943 Oral administration of Styrax camporum Pohl and Caesalpinia ferrea Martius stem extracts, atropine, and cimetidine, during 15 days, decreased the ulceration size, gastric secretion volume, and increased collagen fibre number of chronic ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats. The pH increased and the concentration of hydrochloric acid decreased after administration of atropine and cimetidine. The ethyl acetate fraction, obtained by chromatography from Styrax camporum Pohl extracts, showed antiulcer activity. The subchronic toxicity was studied during 30 days, through weight variation, water and food consumption and spleen, lung, kidney and liver relative weights. No difference to the control-lot was observed. Registry Numbers: 64-19-7 (Acetic Acid) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Bacchi EM Sertie JA Antiulcer action of Styrax camporum and Caesalpinia ferrea in rats. In: Planta Med (1994 Apr) 60(2):118-20 ISSN: 0032-0943 Stem extracts of Styrax camporum Pohl and Caesalpinia ferrea Martius were administered orally and intraperitoneally to rats and effected a decrease in the acute ulceration number. The volume, pH, and hydrochloric acid concentration of gastric secretions were measured after administration of both extracts, atropine, and cimetidine. After oral administration there was a decrease in the gastric secretion volume without modification of the other gastric secretion parameters studied. There were modifications, however, when the extracts were administered intraperitoneally. Analgesy, influence on sleeping time, and spontaneous motor activity test results indicate a probable absence of central action components in the extracts. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****YAKUGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN***** Shibuya H Kitagawa I [Chemical study of Indonesian medicinal plants] In: Yakugaku Zasshi (1996 Dec) 116(12):911-27 ISSN: 0031-6903 (Published in Japanese) A series of scientific expeditions in Indonesia for collecting informations and materials concerning locally used medicinal plants and Javanese traditional medicine "jamu" have been carried out by us since 1985. This article reviews pharmacochemical investigations of nine Indonesian medicinal plants: i.e. Pongamia pinnata (Papilionaceae), Fagara rhetza (Rutaceae), Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae), Beilschmiedia madang (Lauraceae), Caesalpinia major (Fabaceae), Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae), Taxus sumatrana (Taxaceae), Alyxia reinwardtii (Apocynaceae), and Merremia mammosa (Convolvulaceae), which were selected among plant materials collected in those surveys. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€