€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****ARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE***** Abbasoglu U Sener B Gunay Y Temizer H Antimicrobial activity of some isoquinoline alkaloids. In: Arch Pharm (Weinheim) (1991 Jun) 324(6):379-80 ISSN: 0365-6233 The isoquinoline alkaloids are of great importance to humanity because of their medicinal value and different structure. During the last ten years, many isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from Fumaria and Corydalis species growing in Turkey. There have been many researches on the antimicrobial activity of extracts of higher plants, but relatively few pure compounds have been investigated. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG***** Reimeier C Schneider I Schneider W Schafer HL Elstner EF Effects of ethanolic extracts from Eschscholtzia californica and Corydalis cava on dimerization and oxidation of enkephalins. In: Arzneimittelforschung (1995 Feb) 45(2):132-6 ISSN: 0004-4172 The endogenous pentapeptides, met-enkephalin and leuenkephalin, similar to their parent structures, beta-endorphin or dynorphin, bind to opioid receptors of the nociceptive system thus provoking analgesic responses. Peroxidases and phenolases (tyrosinase, catecholase) were shown to dimerize these pentapeptides thus possibly modulating their activity and/or lifetime. Extracts from plants from the order of the Papaverales contain isoquinoline alkaloids. Since the benzoisoquinolines are known to possess sedative-hypnotic activities, the potential effects of extracts from two species from this plant group, Eschscholtzia californica (Papaveraceae) and tyrosinase-catalyzed dimerization and/or oxidation of met-enkephalin were investigated. The results of the study show that the peroxidase- catalyzed dimerization via the tyr-residues is especially inhibited by the C. cava extract. The tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction yields five different products A-E, according to their HPLC-retention times. Consisting of the 4:1 (v/v) combination of the extracts from E. californica and C. cava, Phytonoxon N (abbreviated as PN) stimulates the formation of minor products A, B and E, whereas the formation of the major products C and D is inhibited. Only products C and D exhibit properties similar to the peroxidase-derived dimer. Product A is likely to be identical to DOPA-enkephalin. Registry Numbers: EC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases) EC 1.14.18.1 (Monophenol Monooxygenase) 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Kleber E Schneider W Schafer HL Elstner EF Modulation of key reactions of the catecholamine metabolism by extracts from Eschscholtzia californica and Corydalis cava. In: Arzneimittelforschung (1995 Feb) 45(2):127-31 ISSN: 0004-4172 Aqueous-alcoholic extracts from Eschscholtzia californica inhibit the enzymatic degradation of catecholamines as well as the synthesis of adrenaline, whereas aqueous-ethanolic extracts from Corydalis cava enhance the chemical oxidation of adrenaline and the synthesis of melanine from dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Both extracts dramatically shorten the lag phase in the catalysis of phenolase probably due to their o-diphenol content, where the Corydalis extracts are 10 times more active than the Eschscholtzia preparations. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) are especially inhibited by Eschscholtzia extracts. Diamine oxidases are inhibited by both preparations to a similar extent. The results of this study may be interpreted as a cooperative function of the two preparations in establishing and preserving high catecholamine levels thus explaining their sedative, antidepressive and hypnotic activities. Registry Numbers: EC 1.14.17.1 (Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase) EC 1.14.18.1 (Monophenol Monooxygenase) EC 1.4.3.6 (Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)) EC 3.6.1.37 (Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase) EC 4.1.1.25 (Tyrosine Decarboxylase) 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) 51-61-6 (Dopamine) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Schafer HL Schafer H Schneider W Elstner EF Sedative action of extract combinations of Eschscholtzia californica and Corydalis cava. In: Arzneimittelforschung (1995 Feb) 45(2):124-6 ISSN: 0004-4172 The herbal drug Phytonoxon N (abbreviated as PN) is indicated in nervousness induced insomnia, agitation and/or anxiety. It is composed of alcoholic drug extracts of the plants Corydalis cava (20%) and Eschscholtzia californica (80%). Both plants are rich in isoquinoline alkaloids derived from tyrosine metabolism. Recent research shows that they may influence the neurotransmitter metabolism. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ****BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN***** Matsuda H Tokuoka K Wu J Tanaka T Kubo M Inhibitory effects of methanolic extract from corydalis tuber against types I-IV allergic models. In: Biol Pharm Bull (1995 Jul) 18(7):963-7 ISSN: 0918-6158 Methanolic extract (CM-ext) from tubers of Corydalis turtschaninovii forma yanhusuo has been screened for activity in experimental models of types I-IV allergy. In type I allergic models, CM-ext at doses of 200, 500 mg/kg, p.o. inhibited 48-h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats which is related to IgE, and 4-h heterologous PCA in guinea pigs which is related to IgG. The inhibition of CM-ext on 48-h PCA was also recognized in adrenalectomized rats. CM-ext exhibited the inhibitory effect on formation of IgE antibody in BALB/c mice. In type II allergic model, it was found that CM-ext inhibits reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA). In type III allergic model, CM-ext showed the inhibitory effect on direct passive arthus reaction (DPAR) in rats. Furthermore, in type IV allergic model, CM-ext had the inhibitory effects on induction phase and effector phase in picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis (PC-CD). It also showed therapeutic action on PC-CD. These results indicated that CM-ext not only inhibits antibody-mediated allergic reactions but also influences cell-mediated allergic reactions and should be recognized as a potent material for allergic reactions, although the mechanisms and active principles of CM-ext have not yet been completely determined. Registry Numbers: 15826-37-6 (Cromolyn Sodium) 37341-29-0 (IgE) 67-56-1 (Alcohol, Methyl) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ **CHUNG-KUO CHUNG YAO TSA CHIH CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA* Liu L Li G Zhu F Wang L Wang Y [Comparison of analgesic effect between locally vinegar-processed preparation of fresh rhizoma Corydalis and traditionally vinegar- processed rhizoma Corydalis] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1990 Nov) 15(11):666-7, 702 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) Hot plate and writhing methods were used in the comparison of the analgesic effect of vinegar-processed fresh tuber corydalis and the traditionally vinegar-processed Rhizoma Corydalis. The result shows that the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Zhang Y Su X Lu L [8 species of peroxidase isozymes and 2 varieties of Corydalis] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1996 Jan) 21(1):6-8, 62 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) The peroxidase isozymes of 8 species and 2 varieties of Corydalis were analysed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. According to the isozymic zymograms, these plants may be divided into 3 groups. The taxonomy based on isozymic zymograms is in accord with that by morphology. The problem that the action of enzymes of Corydalls species is easily weakened or lost is also discussed. Registry Numbers: EC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Qin SY Zhang TY [Preliminary studies on medicinal plants of Corydalis in Sichuan] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1993 Mar) 18(3):133-6, 189 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) This paper reports the species, distribution and medical uses of Corydalis in Sichuan Province, of which 3 species e.g., Corydalis linstowiana and C. moupinensis, are found in China for the first time, 5 species C. balansae, C. trifoliolata e. g. are found in Sichuan for the first time. Medica effects of 10 species are described. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS***** Bhakuni DS Chaturvedi R The alkaloids of Corydalis meifolia. In: J Nat Prod (1983 Jul-Aug) 46(4):466-70 ISSN: 0163-3864 Six tetrahydroprotoberberines, (+)-sinactine, apocavidine, stylopine, (+)-cavidine, cheilanthifoline, and dehydrocavidine; two spirobenzylisoquinolines, yenhusomine and yenhusomidine; one phthalideisoquinoline, corlumine; one benzophenanthridine, dihydrosanguinarine and protopine, have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Corydalis meifolia Wall. Of these alkaloids, dehydrocavidine was a new base. The remaining alkaloids, although known, were isolated for the first time for this plant. (+)-Cavidine, protopine, corlumine, yenhusomine, and dehydrocavidine exhibited spasmolytic activity. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Bhakuni DS Chaturvedi R The alkaloids of Corydalis meifolia. In: J Nat Prod (1983 May-Jun) 46(3):320-4 ISSN: 0163-3864 Six tetrahydroprotoberberines, (+)-sinactine, apocavidine, stylopine, (+)-cavidine, cheilanthifoline, and dehydrocavidine; two spirobenzylisoquinolines, yenhusomine and yenhusomidine; one phthalideisoquinoline, corlumine; one benzophenanthridine, dihydrosanguinarine and protopine, have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Corydalis meifolia Wall. Of these alkaloids, dehydrocavidine was a new base. The remaining alkaloids, although known, were isolated for the first time for this plant. (+)-Cavidine, protopine, corlumine, yenhusomine, and dehydrocavidine exhibited spasmolytic activity. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Rothera MA Wehrli S Cook JM The isolation and characterization of a new tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid from Corydalis clarkei. In: J Nat Prod (1985 Sep-Oct) 48(5):802-8 ISSN: 0163-3864 The MeOH extract of Corydalis clarkei Prain yielded two tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids that bear the unusual 1,2- and 9, 10-tetraoxygenated substitution pattern observed previously only in caseanidine . The alkaloids have been identified as caseanidine (1) and the new alkaloid, clarkeanidine (2). The 1H- and 13C-nmr shifts of both alkaloids have been assigned unambiguously using 2-D nmr. The elucidation of the structure of 2 was achieved by comparison of the 1H- and 13C-nmr spectra of 2 with those of caseanidine coupled with additional spectroscopic evidence. Registry Numbers: 99615-99-3 (clarkeanidine) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****PLANTA MEDICA***** Boegge SC Kesper S Verspohl EJ Nahrstedt A Reduction of ACh-induced contraction of rat isolated ileum by coptisine, (+)-caffeoylmalic acid, Chelidonium majus, and Corydalis lutea extracts. In: Planta Med (1996 Apr) 62(2):173-4 ISSN: 0032-0943 The crude extracts of Chelidonium majus and Corydalis lutea were examined for antispasmodic activity against acetylcholine (ACh)- induced contraction on isolated rat ileal smooth muscle. Further, coptisine and caffeolmalic acid as components of the alkaloid and the hydroxycinnamic acid ester fraction of both plants were similarly investigated. The ACh-induced contraction was found to be antagonized weakly by caffeolymalic acid (6.9%; 2.5 x 10(-5) g/ml/organ bath), C. majus extract (12.7%; 2.0 x 10(-4) g/ml), and a higher concentration of coptisine (16.5%; 1.0 x 10(-5) g/ml) whereas the antispasmodic activity of C.lutea extract reached 45% (2.0 x 10(-4) g/ml). Antagonism by papaverine as a positive control amounted to 83.2%. Registry Numbers: 2086-83-1 (Berberine) 3486-66-6 (coptisine) 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****THROMBOSIS RESEARCH***** Ko FN Wu TS Lu ST Wu YC Huang TF Teng CM Antiplatelet effects of protopine isolated from Corydalis tubers. In: Thromb Res (1989 Oct 15) 56(2):289-98 ISSN: 0049-3848 Protopine inhibited the aggregation and ATP release of rabbit platelets induced by ADP, arachidonic acid, PAF, collagen and ionophore A23187. Although the platelet aggregation caused by thrombin was not inhibited by protopine (100 micrograms/ml), the release reaction was partially suppressed. In rabbit platelet-rich plasma, protopine also inhibited the platelet aggregation caused by ADP, arachidonic acid, PAF and collagen. The thromboxane B2 formation of washed platelets caused by arachidonic acid, collagen, ionophore A23187 and thrombin was suppressed by protopine. Protopine inhibited the intracellular calcium increase caused by arachidonic acid in quin- 2/AM loaded rabbit platelets. In the presence of indomethacin, the intracellular calcium increase caused by collagen and PAF was completely suppressed by protopine, and the intracellular calcium increase caused by thrombin was partially inhibited. The phosphoinositides breakdown caused by collagen and PAF was inhibited by protopine, but that by thrombin was not affected significantly. Protopine did not cause the elevation of cyclic AMP level of platelets. It is concluded that the antiplatelet effects of protopine is due to inhibition on thromboxane formation and phosphoinositides breakdown and then lead to the decrease of intracellular calcium concentration. Registry Numbers: 130-86-9 (protopine) 54397-85-2 (Thromboxane B2) 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) 7440-70-2 (Calcium) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€