€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH***** Chang CW Lin MT Lee SS Liu KC Hsu FL Lin JY Differential inhibition of reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA polymerase-alpha activities by lignans isolated from Chinese herbs, Phyllanthus myrtifolius Moon, and tannins from Lonicera japonica Thunb and Castanopsis hystrix. In: Antiviral Res (1995 Aug) 27(4):367-74 ISSN: 0166-3542 Two lignans, phyllamycin B and retrojusticidin B isolated from Phyllanthus myrtifolius Moon have been demonstrated to have a strong inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase activity (HIV-1 RT), but much less inhibitory effect on human DNA polymerase-alpha (HDNAP-alpha) activity. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations of phyllamycin B and retrojusticidin B were determined to be 3.5 and 5.5 microM for HIV-1 RT, and 289 and 989 microM for HDNAP-alpha, respectively. The mode of inhibition was found to be non-competitive inhibition with respect to template- primer and triphosphate substrate. Several tannins such as caffeoylquinates (CQs) isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb, galloylquinates (GQs) and galloylshikimates (GSs) purified from Castanopsis hystrix were shown to have a much less selective inhibitory effect on HIV-1 RT. Registry Numbers: EC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase II) EC 2.7.7.- (HIV-1 reverse transcriptase) EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase) EC 2.7.7.- (HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS***** Chang HW Baek SH Chung KW Son KH Kim HP Kang SS Inactivation of phospholipase A2 by naturally occurring biflavonoid, ochnaflavone. In: Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1994 Nov 30) 205(1):843-9 ISSN: 0006-291X Ochnaflavone, a medicinal herb product isolated from Lonicera japonica, strongly inhibited rat platelet phospholipase A2 (IC50, about 3 microM). Inactivation was concentration and pH dependent (maximum inactivation occurred between pH 9.0 and 10.0). Ochnaflavone inhibited the enzyme by a noncompetitive manner, with the apparent Ki value of 3 x 10(-5) M. Reversibility was studied directly by dialysis method; the inhibition was irreversible. In addition, the inhibitory activity of ochnaflavone is rather specific against group II phospholipase A2 than group I phospholipase A2 (IC50, about 20 microM). Addition of excess Ca2+ concentration up to 8 mM did not antagonize the inhibitory activity of ochnaflavone. These results indicate that the inhibition of phospholipase A2 by ochnaflavone may result from direct interaction with the enzyme. Registry Numbers: EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A) 50276-96-5 (ochnaflavone) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ***CHUNG HSI I CHIEH HO TSA CHIH CHINESE JOURNAL OF MODERN DEVELOPMENTS** Yan HJ [Clinical and experimental study of the effect of kang er xin-I on viral myocarditis] In: Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih (1991 Aug) 11(8):468-70, 452 ISSN: 0254-9034 (Published in Chinese) Kang Er Xin-I (KEX-I) is a proved recipe used to treat viral myocarditis. It consists of Lonicera japonica, Ophiopogon japonicus, Astragalus membranaceus mainly and possesses the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials and supplementing the vital energy and nourishing. The clinical study was carried out with KEX-I according to a random, paired and cross-over design. Coenzyme Q10 was used as a control and left ventricular function was observed. The result showed: after being treated with KEX-I for two weeks, the 26 patients' chief cardiac functional indexes assessed with STI improved markedly, the value of PEP/LVET and ICT/LVCT all decreased and the difference between the two groups was significant. The experimental study showed that KEX-I can inactivate directly the virus of Coxsackie B3, protect the heart cells in mice, prevent attack by Coxsackie B3, promote the growth of internal interferon and increase the NK cell's function to regulate immunity in experimental mice. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****CHUNG-HUA WAI KO TSA CHIH [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY]***** Luo ZH [The combined modulating effects of cerium nitrate with certain Chinese traditional drugs on altered cell-mediated immunities in scald mice] In: Chung Hua Wai Ko Tsa Chih (1990 Sep) 28(9):562-5, 574-5 ISSN: 0529-5815 (Published in Chinese) Altered cell-mediated immunities (CMI) is one of the important causes of increased susceptibility to infection and, high mortality of burned patients. This paper presents the experimental work on mice with scald injury to restore their altered CMI by local application of cerium nitrate (CE) or systemic administration of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) or Lonicera japonica Thunb (LJT), as well as combination use of these drugs. The proliferative response to Con A and the ability of IL-2 production of murine spleen cells and the delayed hypersensitivity test using DNFB as sensitizer were chosen as the parameters of CMI. Results showed that CMI of untreated scald mice was suppressed to 50-60% of normal control 11 days following scald injury. While either CE used locally or AM or LJT given by oral with different dosages might bring up the depressed CMI to various degrees, near the normal level and some even above normal. When CE was used accompanied with AM or LJT, their effects on restoration of CMI were significantly better than that when any single drug was administered alone. Registry Numbers: 17309-53-4 (cerium nitrate) 7440-45-1 (Cerium) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****CHUNG-KUO CHUNG HSI I CHIEH HO TSA CHIH***** Li YQ Yuan W Zhang SL [Clinical and experimental study of xiao er ke cuan ling oral liquid in the treatment of infantile bronchopneumonia] In: Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih (1992 Dec) 12(12):719-21, 737, 708 ISSN: 1003-5370 (Published in Chinese) Xiao Er Ke Chuan Ling Oral Liquid (KCL) is a Chinese herbal preparation consisted of 10 herbs such as Prunus armeniacae, Scutelaria baicalensis, Lonicera japonica etc. 30 children suffering from bronchopneumonia and/or acute bronchitis were treated with KCL (treated group) and another 30 cases were treated with penicillin and aminophylline (control group). Results: cure rate and effective rate in treated group was 26.6%, and 93.3% respectively. While in control group was 30% and 96.6% respectively. No significant differences were seen between them(P > 0.05). The pharmacodynamic experiment showed KCL had potent pharmacological action. The experiment on tracheal fragment of Guinea pig in vitro showed it caused moderately strong smooth muscle relaxation, through inhibition the effect of histamine and acetylcholine. Asthma induction experiment of Guinea pig in vivo showed KCL could significantly prolong the latent period of asthma and alleviate asthmatic symptom. Ammonium water cough induction experiment in mice showed it may apparently prolong cough latent period and reduce times of cough relapse and alleviate cough symptom. KCL had potent antipyretic effect on fever model induced by triple vaccine in rabbits. Bacteriostatic and antiviral experiment in vitro showed the drug had quite strong inhibitory effects for Streptococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Flexners Dysentery bacillus, Diplococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and it could potently inhibit the respiratory syncytial virus. KCL is an effective drug in treating bronchopneumonia and acute bronchitis. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ **CHUNG-KUO CHUNG YAO TSA CHIH CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA* Lin L [Application of differential derivative spectrophotometry to the determination of total chlorogenic acid in Lonicera japonica Thunb. and yinqiao jiedu pian] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1991 May) 16(5):282-4, 318 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) The total chlorogenic acid in Lonicera japonica and yinqiao jiedu pian was determined by differential derivative spectrophotometry in this paper. Quantitative analysis of this component in eight mixtures of medicinal herbs can be done without any separation. The average recovery of total chlorogenic acid is 100.40 +/- 1.82% (CV). The method features good reproducibility, favorable stability and high sensitivity. Registry Numbers: 327-97-9 (Chlorogenic Acid) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Ji L Pan J Xu Z [GC-MS analysis of essential oil from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1990 Nov) 15(11):680-2, 703 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) The chemical constituents of the essential oil obtained from the flowers of Lonicera japonica were analysed by GC-MS. Forty-seven compounds including linalool, ethyl palmitate, etc. were identified. Their percentages in the oil were given. Registry Numbers: 628-97-7 (ethyl palmitate) 78-70-6 (linalool) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Wang G Zhu X Wang J Jia W Yuan Y Nan P Yuan P [Analysis of chemical constituent of essential oil in Lonicera japonnica Thunb. cultivated on the northern plain of Henan Province] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1992 May) 17(5):268-70, 319 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) The chemical constituents of the essential oil in the dry flower and fresh flower of Lonicera japonica were analyzed by the GC-MS-DS technique and the superimposition of authentic samples. 27 and 30 monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids were identified from the essential oil of the dry flower and fresh flower respectively. The major constituents have been found to be linalool, geraniol, aromadendrene and eugenol etc. Registry Numbers: 624-15-7 (geraniol) 78-70-6 (linalool) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****CHUNG-KUO YAO LI HSUEH PAO [ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA]***** Liu YP Liu J Jia XS Mao Q Klaassen CD Protective effects of fulvotomentosides on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. In: Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao (1992 May) 13(3):213-7 ISSN: 0253-9756 Fulvotomentosides (Ful) is the total saponins of Lonicera fulvotomentosa. In the present study, we examined the effects of Ful on cadmium (CdCl2)-induced acute liver injury in mice. Ful pretreatment (150 mg.kg-1, sc x 3 d) remarkably decreased CdCl2 (3.7 mg Cd.kg-1, iv)-induced liver damage as indicated by serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Distribution of Cd to 12 organs and hepatic subcellular fractions was determined 2 h after Cd challenge. Ful pretreatment did not produce a marked shift in the distribution of Cd to various organs, but markedly altered the hepatic subcellular distribution of Cd, with more Cd bound to metallothionein (MT) in the cytosol, less in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions. Ful pretreatment produced a dose-dependent increase in hepatic MT as determined by the Cd.hemoglobin assay. In conclusion, Ful protected against Cd hepatotoxicity by inducing MT, which binds Cd in the cytosol and lowers the amount of Cd available to other critical organelles and proteins. Registry Numbers: 122739-11-1 (fulvotomentoside A) 9038-94-2 (Metallothionein) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Liu YP Liu J Jia XS Mao Q Madhu C Klaassen CD Protective effects of fulvotomentosides on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In: Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao (1992 May) 13(3):209-12 ISSN: 0253-9756 Fulvotomentosides (Ful) is the total saponins of Lonicera fulvotomentosa. In the present study, we examined the effect of Ful on acetaminophen (AA)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Ful pretreatment (75-225 mg.kg-1, sc x 3 d) significantly decreased AA (500 mg.kg-1, ip)-induced liver damage as indicated by serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Ful pretreatment (225 mg.kg-1, sc x 3 d) decreased hepatic cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase by approximately 15-20%. Microsomes from Ful-pretreated mice, incubated in vitro with AA, produced less AA-glutathione. A 28% increase in urinary excretion of AA-glucuronide was observed in Ful (150 mg.kg-1, sc x 3 d) pretreated mice. Ful pretreatment had no influence on liver UDP-glucuronic acid concentration, but increased hepatic glucuronyltransferase activity towards AA. In summary, Ful pretreatment protects against AA-induced hepatotoxicity. One of the mechanisms for this protection appears to be the decreased AA toxic activation via P-450, as well as increased detoxication via glucuronidation of AA. Registry Numbers: EC 2.4.1.17 (Glucuronosyltransferase) 103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) 122739-11-1 (fulvotomentoside A) 16110-10-4 (acetaminophen glucuronide) 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****PHYTOCHEMISTRY***** Son KH Jung KY Chang HW Kim HP Kang SS Triterpenoid saponins from the aerial parts of Lonicera japonica. In: Phytochemistry (1994 Mar) 35(4):1005-8 ISSN: 0031-9422 Two new triterpenoid saponins, loniceroside A and B, were isolated from the aerial parts of Lonicera japonica. Their structures were established as 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-D- glucopyranosyl ester and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)- [beta-D- xylopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, respectively. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS***** Chang WC Hsu FL Inhibition of platelet activation and endothelial cell injury by polyphenolic compounds isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb. In: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids (1992 Apr) 45(4):307-12 ISSN: 0952-3278 Effects of the polyphenolic compounds isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb on platelet aggregation, platelet thromboxane biosynthesis and hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial cell injury were studied. With regard to the inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation, methyl caffeate, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and methyl 3,4-di-O- caffeoylquinate had a strong effect. They significantly inhibited the second wave of platelet aggregation induced by ADP. Concerning thromboxane biosynthesis triggered by calcium ionophore A23187 in platelets, methyl caffeate and methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinate had the most potent inhibitory effect. Methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinate directly inhibited the conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane by platelet microsomes, while methyl caffeate did not have any significant effect on thromboxane biosynthesis in platelet microsomes. In the prevention of hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial cell injury in culture, protocatechuic acid, methyl caffeate, methyl chlorogenic acid and luteolin were significantly effective. The inhibitory effect on platelet activation and the cytoprotective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury may explain the possible role of polyphenolic compounds isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Registry Numbers: 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****YAO HSUEH HSUEH PAO [ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA]***** Mao Q Jia XS [Studies on the chemical constituents of Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S.C. Cheng] In: Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao (1989) 24(4):269-74 ISSN: 0513-4870 (Published in Chinese) Five saponins (I-V) have been isolated from the flowers of Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S.C. Cheng (Caprifoliaceae). This paper reports the structural determination of V, a new triterpenoid saponin named fulvotomentoside A, and characterization of I and II. Fulvotomentoside A, C58H94O26, was obtained as white crystalline needles, mp 215-7 degrees C, [a]D27.5-14.9 degrees (c 0.98, MeOH). Its structure was elucidated to be 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)- alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)- alpha-L-arabanopyranosyl-hederagenin- 28-O-beta-glu cop yranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D- glucopyranoside mainly by spectroscopic analysis (IR, MS, 1H and 13CNMR) and chemical degradation. I, C41H66O12, mp 259-262 degrees C, and II, C46H74O16, mp 222-7 degrees C, were identified to be alpha-hederin and sapindoside B, respectively. Registry Numbers: 122739-11-1 (fulvotomentoside A) 27013-91-8 (alpha-hederin) 30994-75-3 (sapindoside B) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Mao Q Cao D Jia XS [Studies on the chemical constituents of Lonicera macranthoides Hand. -Mazz.] In: Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao (1993) 28(4):273-81 ISSN: 0513-4870 (Published in Chinese) Three bisdesmosidic triterpenoid saponins I-III, have been isolated from the flowers of Lonicera macranthoides Hand. -Mazz. By spectral (IR, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and chemical methods, I was proved to be identical with the known dipsacoside B, II and III were new compounds named macranthoidin A and macranthoidin B. Their structures were identified as follows: The prosapogenin of II, macranthoside A(IIb), was elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl 3 beta, 23-dihydroxyl- olean-12-en-28-olic acid, II was established as 3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl 3 beta,23-dihydroxyl-olean-12-en-28-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D- glucopyranoside. The prosapogenin of III, macranthoside B(IIIb), was elucidated as 3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl 3 beta,23-dihydroxyl- olean-12-en-28-olic acid, III was established as 3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl 3 beta,23-dihydroxyl- olean-12-en-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D- glucopyranoside. IIb and IIIb have not been reported in the literature. Registry Numbers: 136849-88-2 (macranthoidin B) 140360-29-8 (macranthoidin A) 33289-85-9 (dipsacoside B) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€