€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH***** Gonda R Tomoda M Shimizu N Yamada H Structure and anticomplementary activity of an acidic polysaccharide from the leaves of Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana. In: Carbohydr Res (1990 May 1) 198(2):323-9 ISSN: 0008-6215 A main acidic polysaccharide preparation was isolated from the leaves of Malva sylvestris L. var mauritiana Mill. It is composed of L- rhamnose, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid, and D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 22:6:22:11, and it contains 7.7% peptide. It was homogeneous by electrophoresis and gel chromatography, which gave a value of 11,000 as molecular weight. The structure of the polysaccharide component was elucidated by methylation analysis and partial hydrolysis. The substance showed considerable anticomplementary activity. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN***** Shimizu N Asahara H Tomoda M Gonda R Ohara N Constituents of seed of Malva verticillata. VII. Structural features and reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity of MVS-I, the major neutral polysaccharide. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1991 Oct) 39(10):2630-2 ISSN: 0009-2363 The structural features of MVS-I, the major neutral polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata L., were elucidated by controlled Smith degradation, methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and enzymic degradation studies. It has a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-glucose and D-galactose residues having branches composed of alpha-1,5-linked L-arabinosyl beta-1,4-linked D- galactose and of beta-1,4-linked D-galactosyl beta-1,3-linked D- glucose residues at position 6 of a part of D-galactose units as side chains. MVS-I showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system- potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Gonda R Tomoda M Kanari M Shimizu N Yamada H Constituents of the seed of Malva verticillata. VI. Characterization and immunological activities of a novel acidic polysaccharide. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1990 Oct) 38(10):2771-4 ISSN: 0009-2363 A novel acidic polysaccharide, designated as MVS-VI, was isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata L. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 26000. It is composed of L-arabinose: D-xylose: D- galactose: D-glucose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 30: 15: 20: 3: 2: 10, in addition to small amounts of peptide moiety. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated its structural features to have mainly acidic alpha-arabino-3,6-beta-galactan type structural units. MVS-VI showed significant reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test, and it possesses remarkable anti-complementary activity. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Tomoda M Gonda R Shimizu N Yamada H Plant mucilages. XLII. An anti-complementary mucilage from the leaves of Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1989 Nov) 37(11):3029-32 ISSN: 0009-2363 A mucilage, designated as MSL-M, was isolated from the leaves of Malva sylvestris L. var. mauritiana Mill. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography. Its intrinsic viscosity value in aqueous solution was 12.0, and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 6.0 x 10(6). The major constituent is an acidic polysaccharide composed of L-rhamnose: D-galactose: D-galacturonic acid: D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 6:3:2:2. Methylation analysis of both the mucilage and the carboxyl-reduced derivative, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and partial hydrolysis studies indicated its main structural features. It has considerable anti- complementary activity. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Tomoda M Asahara H Gonda R Takada K Constituents of the seed of Malva verticillata. VIII. Smith degradation of MVS-VI, the major acidic polysaccharide, and anti- complementary activity of products. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1992 Aug) 40(8):2219-21 ISSN: 0009-2363 The controlled Smith degradation of MVS-VI, the major acidic polysaccharide having remarkable anti-complementary activity isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata L., was performed. Methylation analysis of both the primary and the secondary Smith degradation products indicated that the core structural features of MVS-VI include a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose residues. The majority of galactose units in the backbone carry side chains composed of beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-linked D-galactosyl residues at position 6. The controlled Smith degradation products showed considerable anti-complementary activity. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS***** Farina A Doldo A Cotichini V Rajevic M Quaglia MG Mulinacci N Vincieri FF HPTLC and reflectance mode densitometry of anthocyanins in Malva silvestris L.: a comparison with gradient-elution reversed-phase HPLC. In: J Pharm Biomed Anal (1995 Dec) 14(1-2):203-11 ISSN: 0731-7085 Aqueous alcoholic mallow flower extracts were analyzed both by HPTLC- densitometry in the reflectance mode at 530 nm and by reversed-phase HPLC with gradient elution. For the mallow flower anthocyanins the best chromatographic resolution was obtained by HPLC, which revealed only two main compounds, confirmed by FAB-MS: malvidin 3,5-O- diglucoside (malvin) and malvidin 3-O-(6"-O-malonylglucoside)-5-O- glucoside. The HPTLC densitometric method on cellulose plates provides accuracy, reproducibility and selectivity for the quantitative analysis of the anthocyanins and this method was shown to be much more sensitive than the HPLC-DAD system, at 530 nm. Both methods give comparable quantitative results for total anthocyanins when applied to mallow flowers from two different sources: Italy and Albania. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****ONDERSTEPOORT JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH***** Meyer P Thiaminase activities and thiamine content of Pteridium aquilinum, Equisetum ramosissimum, Malva parviflora, Pennisetum clandestinum and Medicago sativa. In: Onderstepoort J Vet Res (1989 Jun) 56(2):145-6 ISSN: 0030-2465 Thiaminase type 1 and 2 activities and thiamine content of five plants were determined. Of these Pteridium aquilinum and Equisetum ramosissimum were found to have considerably more thiaminase activity and lower thiamine content than Malva parviflora, Pennisetum clandestinum and Medicago sativa. Registry Numbers: EC 3. (Hydrolases) EC 3.5.99.2 (thiaminase II) 59-43-8 (Thiamine) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****PLANTA MEDICA***** Gonda R Tomoda M Shimizu N Kanari M Characterization of an acidic polysaccharide from the seeds of Malva verticillata stimulating the phagocytic activity of cells of the RES. In: Planta Med (1990 Feb) 56(1):73-6 ISSN: 0032-0943 An acidic polysaccharide, designated as MVS-IVA, was isolated from the seeds of Malva verticillata. It showed a remarkable reticuloendothelial system potentiating activity in the carbon clearance test. Chemical and spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the polysaccharide is rich in alpha-L-arabinofuranose residues and possesses mainly an alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched-D- galactan structure accompanied with rhamnogalacturonan type units. Both alpha-1,3-linked L-arabinopyranose and beta-1,4-linked D- xylopyranose residues were also identified as component units. MVS- IVA contains a small amount of protein (3.3%). €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Tomoda M Shimizu N Gonda R Kanari M Yamada H Hikino H Anti-complementary and hypoglycemic activities of the glycans from the seeds of Malva verticillata. In: Planta Med (1990 Apr) 56(2):168-70 ISSN: 0032-0943 Seven polysaccharides and peptidoglycans obtained from the seeds of Malva verticillata were tested for anti-complementary activity. Remarkable activities were observed for MVS-I and MVS-IIA. The former is mainly composed of beta-1,3-linked D-glucan and of alpha-1,5- linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan, and the latter is essentially alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan. Further, considerable activities were observed for MVS-IIIA and MVS- IVA. Both glycans possess arabino-3,6-galactan moieties accompanying alpha-1,3-linked L-arabinopyranosyl, beta-1,4-linked D-xylosyl, and alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid units. In addition, the major neutral polysaccharide (MVS-I), the major peptidoglycan (MVS-V), and the polysaccharide-rich fraction (MVS-V-CH) obtained from MVS-V were tested for hypoglycemic activity. MVS-I especially showed remarkable activity, and MVS-V-CH also exhibited significant activity. From the viewpoint of structural features, the latter belongs to pectic substances. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€