€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN***** Nishiyama N Zhou Y Saito H Ameliorative effects of chronic treatment using DX-9386, a traditional Chinese prescription, on learning performance and lipid peroxide content in senescence accelerated mouse. In: Biol Pharm Bull (1994 Nov) 17(11):1481-4 ISSN: 0918-6158 DX-9386 is a traditional Chinese prescription consisting of ginseng, polygala, acorus and hoelen. The effect of chronic oral treatment with this preparation on learning behaviors and lipid peroxide concentration was studied in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). SAM P8, a senescence prone of SAM, and SAM R1, a senescence resistant substrain of SAM, were started on a diet containing 1% of DX-9386 from the age of 2 months. All the experiments were performed at the age of 10 months. The prescription ameliorated the memory disorders of SAM P8, as evaluated in a step down test as well as a spatial memory test. The preparation, however, did not affect the learning behaviors in SAM R1. DX-9386 reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxide in the serum and liver of SAM P8, while it did not alter that in SAM R1. These results suggested that DX-9386 slowed the aging process of SAM P8 in terms of learning behaviors and lipid peroxidation. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Zhang Y Takashina K Saito H Nishiyama N Anti-aging effect of DX-9386 in senescence accelerated mouse. In: Biol Pharm Bull (1994 Jun) 17(6):866-8 ISSN: 0918-6158 The effects of DX-9386, a traditional Chinese prescription (ginseng, acorus, polygala and hoelen) were studied on life span, the degree of senescence, motor activity and the antibody production response in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). DX-9386-containing food was given to SAM for 13 consecutive months from 2 months of age. DX-9386 significantly prolonged the life span of SAM, prevented body weight decrease with aging and tended to improve the senile syndrome. The motor activity of SAMP8 was higher than that of SAMR1, and DX-9386 tended to increase the activity in SAMP8. The in vivo antibody production was markedly decreased in SAMP8 and DX-9386 showed no ameliorating effect on that. These results suggest that DX-9386 has anti-aging impact. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Kako M Miura T Usami M Nishiyama Y Ichimaru M Moriyasu M Kato A Effect of senegin-II on blood glucose in normal and NIDDM mice. In: Biol Pharm Bull (1995 Aug) 18(8):1159-61 ISSN: 0918-6158 The hypoglycemic effect of senegin-II, the main component of Polygala senega (Polygalaceae), was examined in normal and KK-Ay mice, one of the model animals of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Senegin-II (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the level of blood glucose in normal mice from 220 +/- 8 to 131 +/- 5 mg/dl 4 hours after intraperitoneal administration (P < 0.001), and also significantly lowered the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice from 434 +/- 9 to 142 +/- 6 mg/dl under similar conditions (P < 0.001). €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN***** Zhang D Miyase T Kuroyanagi M Umehara K Ueno A Studies on the constituents of Polygala japonica HOUTT. II. Structures of polygalasaponins XI-XIX. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1995 Jun) 43(6):966-70 ISSN: 0009-2363 Nine new oleanane-type saponins polygalasaponins XI-XIX were isolated from the aerial part of Polygala japonica. The structures of these compounds were established on basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Miyase T Saitoh H Shiokawa K Ueno A Six new presenegenin glycosides, reiniosides A--F, from Polygala reinii root. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1995 Mar) 43(3):466-72 ISSN: 0009-2363 Six new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, called reiniosides A-F, were isolated from the roots of Polygala reinii Fr. et Sav. and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Yoshikawa M Murakami T Ueno T Kadoya M Matsuda H Yamahara J Murakami N E-senegasaponins A and B, Z-senegasaponins A and B, Z-senegins II and III, new type inhibitors of ethanol absorption in rats from senegae radix, the roots of Polygala senega L. var latifolia Torrey et Gray. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1995 Feb) 43(2):350-2 ISSN: 0009-2363 New inhibitors of ethanol absorption, E-senegasaponins a and b, Z- senegasaponins a and b, Z-senegins II and III, were isolated from Senegae Radix, the roots of Polygala senega L. var latifolia Torrey et Gray, together with senegins II and III. Their chemical structures have been elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, and the geometrical isomeric structures of methoxycinnamoyl moiety in each saponin were found to show tautomer-like behavior. The inhibitory effects of senegasaponins, senegins, and their related compounds have been examined, and some structure-activity relationship have been found. Registry Numbers: 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Zhang D Miyase T Kuroyanagi M Umehara K Ueno A Studies on the constituents of Polygala japonica Houtt. I. Structures of polygalasaponins I-X. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1995 Jan) 43(1):115-20 ISSN: 0009-2363 Ten new oleanane-type saponins, polygalasaponins I-X, along with two known saponins, bayogenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and lobatoside B were isolated from the aerial part of Polygala japonica Houtt. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Ikeya Y Sugama K Maruno M Xanthone C-glycoside and acylated sugar from Polygala tenuifolia. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1994 Nov) 42(11):2305-8 ISSN: 0009-2363 A new xanthone C-glycoside, polygalaxanthone III (1), and a new acylated sugar, tenuifoliside E (2) were isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia. Their structures were characterized as 4-C-[beta- D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-1, 3,6-trihydroxy-7- methoxyxanthone (1) and beta-D-(1-O-acetyl-3-O-feruloyl-6-O-sinapoyl)- fructofuranosy l-alpha-D-(2,4,6- O-triacetyl)glucopyranoside (2), respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence including two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) studies. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Yoshikawa M Murakami T Matsuda H Ueno T Kadoya M Yamahara J Murakami N Bioactive saponins and glycosides. II. Senegae Radix. (2): Chemical structures, hypoglycemic activity, and ethanol absorption-inhibitory effect of E-senegasaponin c, Z-senegasaponin c, and Z-senegins II, III, and IV. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1996 Jul) 44(7):1305-13 ISSN: 0009-2363 Following the characterization of E-senegasaponins a and b and Z- senegasaponins a and b, new bioactive saponins named E-senegasaponin c and Z-senegasaponin c were isolated from Senegae Radix, the root of Polygala senega L. var. latifolia TORREY et GRAY., together with Z- senegins II, III, and IV. The chemical structures of E and Z- senegasaponins c and Z-senegins II, III, and IV were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, and the geometrical isomeric structures of the 4"-methoxycinnamoyl and 3",4"- dimethoxycinnamoyl groups in these saponins were found to show tautomer-like behavior under irradiation with fluorescent lamps. E and Z-Senegasaponins c and E and Z-senegins II, III, and IV were found to exhibit hypoglycemic activity in the oral D-glucose tolerance test. (E) and (Z)-Senegins II also showed an inhibitory effect on alcohol absorption in rats. Registry Numbers: 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Zhang D Miyase T Kuroyanagi M Umehara K Ueno A Five new triterpene saponins, polygalasaponins XXVIII-XXXII from the root of Polygala japonica Houtt. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1996 Apr) 44(4):810-5 ISSN: 0009-2363 Five new oleanane-type saponins, polygalasaponins XXVIII-XXXII, along with one known saponin, polygalasaponin XXIV, and one known acylated sucrose, tenuifoliside C, were isolated from the root of Polygala japonica. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated as 3- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl pesenegenin 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)- alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->5)- beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L- rhamno-pyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta- D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[4-O-p- methoxycinnamoyl]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D- fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D- apiofuranosyl (1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[4-O-3,4,5- trimethoxycinnamoyl]-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl persenegenin 28-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->3)- beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[4-O-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-[alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Yoshikawa M Murakami T Ueno T Kadoya M Matsuda H Yamahara J Murakami N Bioactive saponins and glycosides. I. Senegae radix. (1): E- senegasaponins a and b and Z-senegasaponins a and b, their inhibitory effect on alcohol absorption and hypoglycemic activity. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1995 Dec) 43(12):2115-22 ISSN: 0009-2363 E-Senegasaponins a, b, and c were isolated from Senegae Radix, the root of Polygala senega L. var. latifolia TORREY et GRAY, together with their Z-isomers of the 4"-methoxycinnamoyl moiety, Z- senegasaponins a, b, and c. The structures of E-senegasaponins a and b and Z-senegasaponins a and b have been elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, and the geometrical isomeric structure of the 4"-methoxycinnamoyl group in each saponin was found to show tautomer-like behavior in methanol solution or under irradiation with fluorescent lamps. E and Z-Senegasaponins a and b were found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects on alcohol absorption and hypoglycemic activity in the oral D-glucose tolerance tests in rats, and some structure-activity relationships of the acylated bisdesmoside-type saponins were clarified. Registry Numbers: 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Zhang D Miyase T Kuroyanagi M Umehara K Noguchi H Nine new triterpene saponins, polygalasaponins XXXIII--XLI from the roots of Polygala fallax Hemsl. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1996 Nov) 44(11):2092-9 ISSN: 0009-2363 Nine new oleanane-type saponins, polygalasaponins XXXIII--XLI, along with seven known saponins were isolated from the roots of Polygala fallax HEMSL. Polygalasaponins XXXIII-XLI were elucidated as 3-O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->2)-(4-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fuco-pyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)- (4-O-acetyl)-beta-D- fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(3,4-di-O- acetyl)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- [(5-O-acetyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)]- alpha-L-rhamnopyranosy l- (1-->2)-(3,4-di-O-acetyl)-beta-D- fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)- (3-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28- O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1-->4)-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(4-O-acetyl)-beta-D- fucopyranosyl ester, 3- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28- O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)- [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-(4-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- [beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)- (3,4-di-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- [(5-O-acetyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(-->3)]- alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl - (1-->2)-(3,4-di-O-acetyl)-beta-D- fucopyranosyl ester, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Saitoh H Miyase T Ueno A Atarashi K Saiki Y Senegoses J-O, oligosaccharide multi-esters from the roots of Polygala senega L. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1994 Mar) 42(3):641-5 ISSN: 0009-2363 From the roots of Polygala senega L. six new oligosaccharides, called senegoses J-O, were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. These oligosaccharides were esterified with acetic, benzoic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Saitoh H Miyase T Ueno A Senegoses F--I, oligosaccharide multi-esters from the roots of Polygala senega var. latifolia Torr. et Gray. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1993 Dec) 41(12):2125-8 ISSN: 0009-2363 From the roots of Polygala senega var. latifolia Torr. et Gray four new oligosaccharides, called senegoses F--I, were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. These oligosaccharides were esterified with acetic, benzoic and ferulic acids. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Saitoh H Miyase T Ueno A Senegoses A--E, oligosaccharide multi-esters from Polygala senega var. latifolia Torr. et Gray. In: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (1993 Jun) 41(6):1127-31 ISSN: 0009-2363 From the roots of Polygala senega var. latifolia Torr. et Gray five new oligosaccharides, called senegoses A--E, were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. These oligosaccharides were esterified with acetic, benzoic, trans-ferulic and cis-ferulic acids. Registry Numbers: 1135-24-6 (ferulic acid) 64-19-7 (Acetic Acid) 65-85-0 (benzoic acid) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ **CHUNG-KUO CHUNG YAO TSA CHIH CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA* Xue H [Observation on propagating experiments with Polygala tenuifolia Willd seed] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1989 Aug) 14(8):463-4, 510 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) This paper reports the harvesting and storing of Polygala tenuifolia seed, the operating process and method of seed propagation both in the laboratory and in the field, the relationship between Palygala tenuifolia seed germination, seed treatment and temperature and humidity, and the importance of suitable conditions and climatic factors in the sexual propagation of the seed. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ Jin BY Park J [Studies on the alkaloidal components of Polygala tenuifolia willd] In: Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih (1993 Nov) 18(11):675-7, 702-3 ISSN: 1001-5302 (Published in Chinese) 1-Carbobutoxy-beta-carboline, N9-formylharman, 1-carboethoxy-beta- carboline, 1-carbomethoxy-beta-carboline, perlolyrine, harman and norharman were isolated from the rhizoma of Polygala lenuifolia. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence, 1-carbobutoxy-beta-carboline has not been seported before. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****EISEI SHIKENJO HOKOKU. BULLETIN OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYGIENIC***** Kawatani T Ono T [Effect of light intensity on the growth and root yield of Polygala senega L. var. latifolia Torr. et Gray] In: Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku (1968) 86:105-7 ISSN: 0077-5002 (Published in Japanese) [No Abstract Available] €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES***** Hoffmann JJ Wiedhopf RM Cole JR Cytotoxic and tumor inhibitory agent from Polygala macradenia Gray (Polygalaceae): 4'-demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin. In: J Pharm Sci (1977 Apr) 66(4):586-7 ISSN: 0022-3549 The chloroform fraction of Polygala macradenia exhibited activity against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia and human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx test systems. The constituent responsible for this activity was a lignan, 4'-demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin (C21H20O7). The identity was proven by elemental analysis; PMR, IR, mass spectrometric, and melting-point determinations; and preparation of a derivative. €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ hann JJ Wiedhopf RM Cole JR CYTOTOXIC AND TUMOR INHIBITORY AGENT FROM POLYGALA MACRADENIA GRAY (POLYGALACEAE): 49-DEMETHYLDEOXYPODOPHYLLOTOXIN. In: J Pharm Sci (1977) 66(4):586-587 ISSN: 0022-3549 The NCI, NIH, Dept of HEW, conducted a study on the chloroform fraction of Polygala macradenia Gray obtained by partitioning the ethanol extract of the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit between chloroform and water showed inhibitory activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia test system and the human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx test system. The lignan 49- demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin (C21H20O7) was isolated from the chloroform fraction and was demonstrated to have an ED50 of 0.0012 ug/ml in the nasopharynx test system and an activity of 132% test/control at 2.1 mg/kg. (3 refs) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****PHYTOCHEMISTRY***** Bashir A Hamburger M Msonthi JD Hostettmann K Sinapic acid esters from Polygala virgata [published erratum appears in Phytochemistry 1993 Apr;32(6):1633] In: Phytochemistry (1993 Feb) 32(3):741-5 ISSN: 0031-9422 Three sinapoyl glycosides have been isolated from the roots of Polygala virgata. The structures were established on the basis of UV, mass 1H and 13C NMR spectral data, including homonuclear and heteronuclear 2D shift correlation and selective INEPT experiments. alpha-D-(3-O-Sinapoyl)fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-(3-O-acetyl-6-O-s inapoyl)glucopyranoside and beta-D-(3,O-sinapoyl)fructofuranosyl- alpha-D-(4-O-acetyl-6-O-si napoyl)glucopyranoside are new natural products, whereas beta-D-(3-O-sinapoyl)fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-(6-O- sinapoyl) glucopyranoside has already been reported from other plants. Registry Numbers: 530-59-6 (sinapinic acid) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****PLANTA MEDICA***** Kako M Miura T Nishiyama Y Ichimaru M Moriyasu M Kato A Hypoglycemic effect of the rhizomes of Polygala senega in normal and diabetic mice and its main component, the triterpenoid glycoside senegin-II. In: Planta Med (1996 Oct) 62(5):440-3 ISSN: 0032-0943 The hypoglycemic effect of the rhizomes of Polygala senega L. var. latifolia Torrey et Gray (Polygalaceae) was investigated in normal and KK-Ay mice, one of the model animals of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The n-butanol extract of senega rhizomes (SN) (5 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of normal mice from 191 +/- 3 to 120 +/- 3 mg/dl 4 hours after intraperitoneal administration (P < 0.001), and also showed a significant decrease in the glucose level of KK-Ay mice from 469 +/- 38 to 244 +/- 14 mg/dl under similar conditions (P < 0.001). But streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice did not experience a change in the blood glucose after administration of SN. We propose that the hypoglycemic effect of SN occurs without altering the insulin concentration. Moreover, SN needs the presence of insulin in order to act. In addition, one of the active components of the hypoglycemic effect was identified as a triterpenoid glycoside, senegin-II. Registry Numbers: 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****YAKUGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN***** Takiura K Yamamoto M Murata H Takai H Honda S [Studies on oligosaccharides. XIII. Oligosaccharides in Polygala senega and structures of glycosyl-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitols (author's transl)] In: Yakugaku Zasshi (1974 Aug) 94(8):998-1003 ISSN: 0031-6903 (Published in Japanese) [No Abstract Available] €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ *****YAO HSUEH HSUEH PAO [ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA]***** Shen XL Witt MR Dekermendjian K Nielsen M Isolation and identification of tetrahydrocolumbamine as a dopamine receptor ligand from Polygala tenuifolia Willd. In: Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao (1994) 29(12):887-90 ISSN: 0513-4870 The isolation and purification of a dopamine receptor ligand, tetrahydrocolumbamine from Polygala tenuifolia Willd is described. Tetrahydrocolumbamine was shown to inhibit the binding of [3H]- SCH23390 and [3H]-spiroperidol to rat striatum membranes in vitro with IC50 values of 0.75 +/- 0.08 mumol.L-1 and 0.92 +/- 0.10 mumol.L- 1, respectively. The compound inhibited the binding of [3H]-prazosin (IC50 value of 46 mumol.L-1), while it did not change the binding of the ligands, [3H]-QNB and [3H]-muscimol to rat cortex in vitro. Scatchard plot analysis showed a mixture of competitive and non- competitive inhibition by the compound on both [3H]-SCH23390 and [3H]- spiroperidol binding to membranes from rat striatum. Registry Numbers: 19216-56-9 (Prazosin) 749-02-0 (Spiperone) 87075-17-0 (Sch-23390) €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€